It was a net importer. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. This is calculated by taking each countrys imported deforestation and subtracting its exported deforestation. This number comes from the World Bank, which estimates that there are 3 trillion trees on the planet. Stage 4 The Post-Transition phase is when countries have passed the transition point and are now gaining forest again. Help us do this work by making a donation. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. Cutting them down disrupts or destroys established, species-rich ecosystems. Why should we care most about tropical deforestation? With increasing development, urbanization and access to other energy resources, Africa will shift from local, subsistence activities into commercial commodity production both in agricultural products and timber extraction. But, overall, oilseeds and beef tend to top the list for most countries. The change is permanent. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. In the tropics, some forestry production can be classified as deforestation when primary rainforests are cut down to make room for managed tree plantations.21. For the last two centuries forests have been growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13. The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. Rome. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. In the figure we see visual examples from the study of forest loss classification by Philip Curtis et al. On the horizontal axis we have time, spanning from 1700 to 2020; on the vertical axis we have the decadal change in forest cover. Lewis, S. L. (2006). Africas emissions are high because people are clearing forests to produce more food. Most tropical deforestation is driven by demand for products in domestic markets. But by studying how forests have changed over time, theres good reason to think that a way forward is possible. How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? Forest loss or tree loss captures two fundamental impacts on forest cover: deforestation and forest degradation. The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. Countries that lie along this line would have a net-neutral impact on global forests: the area they are causing to deforestation overseas is exactly as large as the area they are regrowing at home. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. This is probably less than many people would expect. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. If you struggle to increase crop yields but want to produce more food, then expanding your agricultural land is the only option. High-income countries were the largest importers of deforestation, accounting for 40% of it. Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Forests, biodiversity and people. International trade is important for socioeconomic development. This is because the latter only captures deforestation the replacement of forest with another land use (such as cropland). That was 6.5% of global CO2 emissions.35. Forests are mainly cut and burned to make space for local, subsistence agriculture or for fuelwood for energy. 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of Around half of this deforestation is offset by regrowing forests, so overall we lose around five million hectares each year. On the x-axis we have imported deforestation. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) Mather, A. S. (2004). What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? Thats around half the size of Germany. Crowther, T. W., Glick, H. B., Covey, K. R., Bettigole, C., Maynard, D. S., Thomas, S. M., & Tuanmu, M. N. (2015). In contrast, most forest degradation two-thirds of it occurs in temperate countries. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Pendrill, F., Persson, U. M., Godar, J., & Kastner, T. (2019). The amount of land used for agriculture land to grow crops as well as grazing land for livestock was expanding. How much forest has the world lost? Why? Many people think of environmental concerns as a modern issue: humanitys destruction of nature and ecosystems as a result of very recent population growth and increasing consumption. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, In the chart we see deforestation emissions per person, measured in tonnes of CO2 per year. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares In the map we see their assessment of each countrys stage in the transition. 71% of deforestation is for domestic production. They are smaller, and more temporary. But, as countries continue to get richer this demand slows. This highlights an important point: less than 20% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa have access to clean fuels for cooking, meaning they still rely on wood and charcoal. 2020. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. are added every year. Bringing all of these elements together, we can focus on a few points that should help us prioritise our efforts to end deforestation. How much deforestation happens every day? Absolute estimates of forest cover from other sources may differ for this reason. 2020. WebEvery year from 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares of forest was cut down. Tropical forests, on aggregate, have also passed peak deforestation in the 1980s the longest of all bars but have not passed the transition to reforestation. The world loses 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year. Science, 361(6407), 1108-1111. 95% of the worlds deforestation occurs in the tropics [we look at this breakdown again later]. Deforestation also results in larger losses of biodiversity and carbon relative to degradation. Mather, A. S., Fairbairn, J., & Needle, C. L. (1999). We therefore look at them both individually in more detail, to better understand what we can do about it. Thats a lot of trees! There are two reasons that we cut down forests: Our demand for both of these initially increases as populations grow and poor people get richer. (2019) quantified the deforestation embedded in traded goods between countries.30 They did this by calculating the amount of deforestation associated with specific food and forestry products, and combining it with a trade model. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? We lost 150 million hectares an area half the size of India during that decade. (2020).References:FAO and UNEP. This demand for resources and land is not always driven by domestic markets. Explore long-term changes in deforestation, and deforestation rates across the world today. Most deforestation today occurs in low-to-middle income countries. The amount of land per person that was needed to produce enough food was not small in fact, it was much larger than today. 15 billion trees are cut down every year.19 The Global Forest Watch project using satellite imagery estimates that global tree loss in 2019 was 24 million hectares. Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. Forestry Commission. Estimates vary, but most date the end of the last great ice age to around 11,700 years ago.Kump, L. R., Kasting, J. F., & Crane, R. G. (2004). The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. In Latin America and Southeast Asia in particular, commodity-driven deforestation mainly the clearance of forests to grow crops such as palm oil and soy, and pasture for beef production accounts for almost two-thirds of forest loss. Net forest loss is not the same as deforestation it measures deforestation plus any gains in forest over a given period. The world loses almost six million hectares of forest each year to deforestation. How many trees have been cut down? Thats a lot of trees! University of Chicago Press.FAO (2020). The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. The rate of forest loss changed a lot. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. Just over one-quarter of global forest loss is driven by deforestation. But international markets alone cannot fix this problem. From this understanding we can define five reasons why we lose forests: Thanks to satellite imagery, we can get a birds-eye view of what these drivers look like from above. Year-to-year data on forest change comes with several issues: either data at this resolution is not available, or year-to-year changes can be highly variable. See which countries are gaining forest though natural forest expansion and afforestation. Deforestation was therefore responsible for [2.6 / 40.2 * 100 = 6.5%]. By Georgina Rannard. By 1900, there were 1.65 billion people in the world (five times fewer than we have today) but for most of the previous period, humans were deforesting the world with only tens or hundreds of millions. It doesnt capture trees that are cut down in planted forests; the land is still forested, its now just regrowing forest. How many trees have been cut down? The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. 38. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. In a previous post we looked at this change in global forests over the long-run. It was predominantly temperate forests that were being lost at this time. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. Global deforestation reached its peak in the 1980s. But the magnitude of these impacts are often less than the complete conversion of forest. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Deforestation, reforestation, and development, Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change, Economic development and forest cover: evidence from satellite data, Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition, Classifying drivers of global forest loss, What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity, Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers, Tropical forests and the changing earth system, Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013, Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions, Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) Mapping tree density at a global scale. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? Are they causing more deforestation elsewhere than they are regenerating in forests at home? Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. (2017) estimate that the average EU diet, excluding deforestation, is responsible for 0.5 tonnes CO2 per person. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%. The rate of population growth tends to slow down. Deforesting the earth: from prehistory to global crisis. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. This gives us an indication of the impact of the average persons diet. The breakdown of forest loss globally, and by region, is shown in the chart.22. The biodiversity of managed tree plantations which are periodically cut, regrown, cut again, then regrown is not the same. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. For the past 30 years, temperate regions have seen a continued increase in forest cover through afforestation: you see this as the bars are now positive (pointing upwards). A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. That is why we should be focusing on tropical deforestation. What explains this? According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. How many trees are cut down each year?. This is measured in hectares, which is equivalent to 10,000 m. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. Data from 1990 onwards is sourced from the UNs 2020 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020.References:Williams, M. (2003). That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. Countries below the line such as the UK and Germany are not growing forests fast enough to offset the deforestation theyre creating elsewhere. The default is shown for Brazil, but you can explore the data for a range of countries using the Change country button. Lets put some numbers to them. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. They also contribute to global deforestation through the foods they import from poorer countries. 432). That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. Brazil and Indonesia alone account for almost half. The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) Lets take an example. The total cut down so far is over 470 million trees since January 1st. This diagram is adapted from the work of Hosonuma et al. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. It feeds into the popular idea that eating local is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The changes to the forest are often temporary and its expected that they will regrow. When we cut down primary rainforest we are transforming this ecosystem forever. As I mentioned earlier, 14% of deforestation today is driven by consumers in rich countries. Scheffers, B. R., Joppa, L. N., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). Cuaresma, J. C., Danylo, O., Fritz, S., McCallum, I., Obersteiner, M., See, L., & Walsh, B. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. The relationships of population and forest trends. Do rich countries import deforestation from overseas? WebHealthy trees mean: Healthy people: 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. By the mid-18th century, only 4% of the country was forested. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? As we explore in more detail in our related article, countries tend to follow a predictable development in forest cover, a U-shaped curve.9 They lose forests as populations grow and demand for agricultural land and fuel increases, but eventually they reach the so-called forest transition point where they begin to regrow more forests than they lose. Some countries within this group are still far behind peak deforestation: without concerted effort to protect these forests it could be many decades before forests in those countries approach the transition point [as we show in a related post].10. The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report. These countries might have high levels of afforestation at home, but theyre still having a net negative impact on the size of the worlds forests. But, it would be wrong to think that the only impact rich countries have on global forests is through changes in their domestic forests. Scientific Reports, 7, 40678. A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. Humans have been cutting down trees for millennia. Nature, 525(7568), 201-205. But most emissions are driven by domestic markets this means policies in the major producer countries will be key to tackling this problem. What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity. Countries may lose some forest each year, but this is at a very slow rate. The average across the EU was 0.3 tonnes CO2 per person. It was a net exporter. Ellis, E. C., Beusen, A. H., & Goldewijk, K. K. (2020). Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. How many trees are chopped down for Christmas? Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. Many countries have much less forest today than they did in the past. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%.We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. Before we look at trends in deforestation across the world specifically, its useful to understand the net change in forest cover. How many trees are chopped down for Christmas? Net importers of deforestation (shown in brown) are countries that contribute more to deforestation in other countries than they do in their home country. Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. The global population at this time was small and growing very slowly there were fewer than 50 million people in the world. But a small global population overall meant there was little pressure on forests to make space for land to grow food, and as wood for energy. In 2012 the mid-year of this period global emissions from fossil fuels, industry and land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. The scale of deforestation today might give us little hope for protecting our diverse forests. Carbon emissions from deforestation: are they driven by domestic demand or international trade? estimate a 35% loss of global forest cover since 10,000. Most of todays richest countries all of Europe, North America, Japan, South Korea have passed the turning point and are now regaining forest. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. In a study published in Global Environmental Change, Florence Pendrill and colleagues investigated where tropical deforestation was occurring; what products were driving this; and, using global trade models, they traced where these products were going in international supply chains.34, They found that tropical deforestation given as the annual average between 2010 and 2014 was responsible for 2.6 billion tonnes of CO2 per year. Global forest resources. International trade was responsible for around one-third (29%) of these emissions. Noriko Hosonuma et al. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. This often comes at the cost of forests. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. This is true for some problems, such as climate change. Across the US and Europe the breakdown of products is more varied. There are other aspects to consider. Most of our future deforestation is going to come from countries in the pre- or early-transition phase. 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