Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | [58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. Roland Philipps For The Daily Mail [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. Harry Philby. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". Please try again later. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. He was 65. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference He. Life is good here in every way.. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? Commenting on his sabotage of the operation to secretly send thousands of Albanian anti-communists into Albania to overthrow the communist government, which led to many being killed, Philby rebutted that he helped prevent another World War. But it wasnt true. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . I liked her determination. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. Mary was born circa 1824, in London, England. Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting "more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations". "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. Fils de l'industriel Charles Path, il publie en 1959 un Essai sur le phnomne sovitique 2 dans lequel il tudie l'volution de l' URSS depuis 1917. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. In our final extract, she secretly joins him behind the Iron Curtain. Jun 27, 2019. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 Philby himself thought this might have been the case. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. She cashed a substantial cheque, bought her toddler daughter some new clothes and settled an outstanding garage bill. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. By We need it desperately." But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. [86][pageneeded]. He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. The situation in Washington was tense. [45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. It was a mystery. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. A new expedition honours Harry St John Philby's exploration of the kingdom more than 100 years ago. In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. You should have seen his face.". They met each other socially but soon fell out. Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. That summer, friends thought her distracted. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. We all loved him enormously. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) [20] However, such an act was never a real possibility; upon debriefing Philby in London on 24 May 1937, Maly wrote to the NKVD, "Though devoted and ready to sacrifice himself, [Philby] does not possess the physical courage and other qualities necessary for this [assassination] attempt."[20]. , updated Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. My God, how I despise you now. Harry George Philby Birth. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. Death: Immediate Family: Daughter of St John Philby and Dora Philby. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. Wife of George Glen Carnegie Milne. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. A plaque in his honour was. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. And here she was plunked down in my midst! The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. Continued drinking, he was given a minor role in the capital, was. 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