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Managua Population 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com Climate & Weather Averages in Managua, Nicaragua - Time and Date Managua, the largest city in the country, is also its centre of commerce and culture. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. CountryReports 1997 - 2023 - All Rights Reserved. 1. note: data are in current year dollars$5.714 billion (2019 est.) The Santo Domingo de Guzmn Museum is an anthropology museum. hombres aqu (ac) leen el diario. [40] It starts on the morning of August 1, when the "Bajada del Santo" (walk down of the saint) involves many joyful people walking and carrying the old statue of Santo Domingo from Las Sierritas Church in south Managua to another church across the city to the north, in the area destroyed by the 1972 earthquake. It is nearly ten times the size of Len, the second-largest city of the country. Web. Hence, Managua was officially selected as the nation's capital in 1852.[10]. GENEVA (2 March 2023) - Widespread human rights violations that amount to crimes against humanity are being committed against civilians by Nicaragua's Government for political reasons, the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua said in a new report that calls for the international community to impose sanctions on institutions or individuals involved. By government decree in 1983 the campus of the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua in Len and Managua, became two separate entities; UNAN and UNAN-Len.[25]. Aquellos [50], Managua is also home to Museo Sitio Huellas de Acahualinca (the Museum of Acahualinca), where the Ancient footprints of Acahualinca, fossilized Paleo American footprints made 2,100 years ago, are engraved in volcanic ash. ), fossil fuels: 37.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 10.34% (2021 est. There are 36 bus routes in Managua. These booming locales have been of concern to the government because of their close proximity to Lake Managua. ), total population: 75.05 yearsmale: 72.84 yearsfemale: 77.36 years (2023 est. Managua City Nicaragua - CostaRica.Org [47], The Rubn Daro National Theatre is Nicaragua's most important theater, and is one of the most modern theaters in Central America. 36(4):289300. It remains here for ten days until the morning of August 10, when the "Subida del Santo" (walking up of the saint) returns the statue to Las Sierritas Church where it remains for the rest of the year. 5 million B. [67], Most bus coaches in Managua are fabricated by DINA S.A. and Mercedes-Benz. If you use our datasets on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. Many different types of trees, some of which are not found elsewhere in the world, appear, including chilamates, ceibos, pochotes, genzaros, tigilotes, royal palms, piuelas and madroos (Nicaragua's national tree) surround the city. This event is celebrated with parades, floats, live music, food and dancing as well as the march of the Carnival Queen. [56], Neither Nicaragua nor the city of Managua have major gang problems, in comparison to some of its regional neighbors. The city is only 163 feet (50 metres) above sea level and is one of Central Americas warmest capitals. After losing free and fair elections in 1990, 1996, and 2001, former Sandinista President Daniel ORTEGA was elected president in 2006, 2011, 2016, and most recently in 2021. ), total subscriptions: 210,981 (2020 est. Under the rule of Anastasio Somoza Garca and his family (19361979), the city was rebuilt and began to grow rapidly. [45] As of March 2008, homosexuality is no longer illegal and no longer carries a prison sentence. The team reached the Final Four at the 2016 Liga Centroamericana de clubes de baloncesto. In 197879 it was the scene of general strikes against the government of Anastasio Somoza Debayle and of heavy fighting, particularly in the slum areas held by Sandinista rebels. Surviving fire squadrons and ambulance companies were not able to handle the skyrocketing demand for their services. Democratic institutions have weakened under the ORTEGA regime as the president has garnered full control over all branches of government, especially after cracking down on a nationwide pro-democracy protest movement in 2018. Its choice as a permanent capital in 1857 came after partisans of those two rival cities had exhausted themselves in internecine conflict. This highway is commonly referred to as the Northern Highway. The construction of a new sewer system and the redirecting of waste water to a new water treatment plant at Las Mercedes in Eastern Managua in May 2009 relieved old concerns over water pollution and native wildlife, and brought some residents closer to the old city center and the rest of the mainland. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Managua - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Managua - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Managua, Nicaragua: Plaza de la Revolucin, monument to Rubn Daro, Managua, Nicaragua. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [17] Managua is also Nicaragua's main political, social, cultural, educational and economic hub. For more than 50years, the National Palace housed the Congress. note: data are in current year dollars$5.342 billion (2020 est.) After another disastrous earthquake in 1972, the business section was rebuilt 6 miles (10 km) away (to the south and west) from the former city centre. Schmincke, H.-U., S. Kutterolf, W. Perez, J. Rausch J, A. Freundt, and W. Strauch, 2008. Another festival taking place since 2003 is the Alegria por la Vida (Happiness for Life) Carnaval is celebrated in Managua at the beginning of the month of March. What is the population in Managua? 5 million people 3.1 million people INCAE was founded in 1964 with the support of the United States government and other Central American countries. note: data are in current year dollars, United States 60%, El Salvador 5%, Mexico 5% (2019), clothing and apparel, gold, insulated wiring, coffee, beef (2019), $8.306 billion (2021 est.) The Carretera A Masaya connects Managua to the departments of Masaya and Granada. 3.1 million C. 3 million D. 1.3 million [60] In 2003, the National Police of Nicaragua recognized gangs committed only 0.51% of all crimes. Managua is the national education center, with most of the nation's prestigious universities and higher education institutions based there. What Is The Capital Of Nicaragua? - WorldAtlas [15][16], These works of progress have relieved old concerns over water pollution and the endangering of native wildlife have brought some residents closer to the old city center and the rest of the mainland. A disastrous earthquake in 1931 and large fire in 1936[11] destroyed much of the city. )31.553 (2018 est. New governmental buildings, galleries, museums, apartment buildings, squares, promenades, monuments, boat tours on Lake Managua, restaurants, nighttime entertainment, and broad avenues have resurrected part of downtown Managua's former vitality. Managua's ability to cope with the disaster was also limited. It was commissioned by President Juan Bautista Sacasa in 1935 and built by architect Pablo Dambach, who also built the St. James Cathedral. Some of the more important buildings which managed to survive the 1972 Nicaragua earthquake include the Catedral de Santiago (St. James' Cathedral, known colloquially as the Old Cathedral), the Rubn Daro National Theatre, and the National Palace of Culture. The Polytechnic University of Nicaragua (UPOLI) (Spanish: Universidad Politcnica de Nicaragua) is a university located in Managua, Nicaragua. The surface area is 267.2 square kilometers. Quality of life in Managua, Nicaragua - Teleport Cities Nicaragua is located in Central America, sharing a border with Honduras and Costa Rica. Group of answer choices Capital and largest city is Managua, almost one quarter of the country's population lives in the city. The National Library holds a great amount of volumes and affords abundant bibliographic information about the discovery and independence of Nicaragua. TransNica is a Nicaraguan bus company that operates international bus services throughout Central America. Based on weather reports collected during 1985-2015. )5.21% (2019 est. )34.342 (2020 est. [48], Plaza de la Revolucin (Revolution Square), formerly known as Plaza de la Repblica (Republic Square) is home to Managua's historic center, located on the shores of Lake Xolotlan. Eli700 Eli700 09/17/2018 Spanish Middle School answered What is the population of Managua 2 See answers Advertisement me Managua is governed by a Mayor, Deputy Mayor and City Council. Other archeological evidence, mainly in the form of ceramics and statues made of volcanic stone, like the ones found on the island of Zapatera, and petroglyphs found on Ometepe island, contribute to the increasing knowledge of Nicaragua's ancient history. Eventually, the church's original concrete and gray surface became accepted and Catholic pilgrims began to embrace the church as it was. [50], The Dennis Martnez National Stadium was built in 1948 and was the largest stadium in Central America at the end of its construction. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 7, total: 122,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 3under 914 m: 4 (2021), total: 1351,524 to 2,437 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 15under 914 m: 119 (2021), total: 23,897 km (2014)paved: 3,346 km (2014)unpaved: 20,551 km (2014), 2,220 km (2011) (navigable waterways as well as the use of the large Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua; rivers serve only the sparsely populated eastern part of the country), total: 5by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 1, other 3 (2021), Army of Nicaragua (Ejercito de Nicaragua, EN): Land Forces (Fuerza Terrestre); Naval Forces (Fuerza Naval); Air Forces (Fuerza Area); Special Operations Command (Comando de Operaciones Especiales); Nicaraguan National Police (2022)note: both the military and the police report directly to the president, 0.6% of GDP (2021 est. te A new sewer system and the redirecting of waste water to a new waste water treatment plant at Las Mercedes funded by the German government to decontaminate the lake is expected to be the largest in Central America and was inaugurated in 2009. All of Nicaragua's main roads lead to Managua, and there are good public transportation connections to and from the capital. The country has a population of 6.2 million people (est. More than 300,000 Nicaraguans returned from abroad bringing their expertise and needed capital. note: data are in current year dollars$6.252 billion (2019 est.) )exports of goods and services: 41.2% (2017 est. )permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est. Artifacts such as mammoth footprints, pre-Columbian tools, a skull from Len Viejo, and a small collection of pottery, among other archeological objects.[51]. [citation needed] During the parade many people dress up in typical costumes, masks and painted bodies. The metro area population of Managua in 2020 was 1,064,000, a 0.85% increase from 2019. )$35.007 billion (2020 est. Managua has grown by 17,811 in the last year, which represents a 1.4% annual change. 84% of the country's population lives in urban areas. ), $5,600 (2021 est. Managua and Puerto Cabezas, located in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region are also connected via road. New government buildings were erected, industry developed, and universities were established. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [34] As well as many hotels, Managua has opened four western style shopping centers or malls, such as Plaza Inter, Centro Comercial Metrocentro, Galerias Santo Domingo[es],[35] and Multicentro Las Americas,[36] with many more being constructed. Critics pointed to the fact that buildings of particular importance, especially those of colonial heritage, were painted in bright colors. [38] The city is also home to many communities of immigrants and ex-pats from countries including but not limited to Taiwan, China, Germany, the United States, Palestine, and Latin American countries. )industry: 24.4% (2017 est. Managua has grown by 17,811 in the last year, which represents a 1.40% annual change. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. It survived the 1972 earthquake. University level institutions account for 6% of the 18 percent. Managua - Wikitravel Omissions? )$5,200 (2020 est. Are Nicaraguans white or black? )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The earliest settlers were probably related to the Maya and Aztec people of Mexico.One of the largest groups of early people was the Nicarao. nos ", INAUGURACION TERMINAL AEREA AEROPUERTO INTERNACIONAL MANAGUA, REMODELACIN Y AMPLIACIN DEL AEROPUERTO INTERNACIONAL DE MANAGUA, II, III Y IV ETAPA, "Hermandad o convenios con otras ciudades", "Declaracin de Hermanamiento mltiple y solidario de todas las Capitales de Iberoamrica (12-10-82)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Managua&oldid=1140847073, Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows), This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 02:02. ), 4.851 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )other: 32.5% (2018 est. ), sugar cane, milk, rice, maize, plantains, groundnuts, cassava, beans, coffee, poultry, food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturing, mining, agriculture: 31%industry: 18%services: 50% (2011 est. The markets enjoy a substantial amount of popularity, as many of the backpacking, ecotourism-focused tourists and tourists on-a-budget use these markets for their supplies and souvenirs. Managua, Nicaragua Population (2022) - Population Stat The most populous city in the country is the capital city, Managua, with a population of 1.2 million (2005). There is also the bust of Professor Josefa Toledo de Aguerri, who was an educator, philanthropist, writer, social activist, and one of the first feminists in the Americas. )methane emissions: 6.46 megatons (2020 est. The museum features pre-Columbian paintings, statues, ceramics, etc. The most centrally located is the Tiscapa Lagoon in the Tiscapa Lagoon Natural Reserve. The airport is located near the northern highway and is about 11 kilometers (6.8mi) east of the city's downtown. ), $11.674 billion (2019 est. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [26] According to a study done by Amrica Economa INCAE ranked as the number one business school in Latin America in 2004 and 2005[27] and ranked in the top ten international business schools by The Wall Street Journal in 2006.[28]. )0.6% of GDP (2020 est. Nightclubs and bars are abound in Managua, particularly, in the popular areas called "Zona Viva" located in the shopping mall "Galeras Santo Domingo", as well as very close by "Plaza Mi Viejo Santo Domingo" and "Plaza Familiar". ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 1,528,816 tons (2010 est. The city has railroad and highway connections with the Pacific port of Corinto and with the cities of Len and Granada. )31.2% of GDP (2016 est. The temperature varies from 72F (22.2C) at night to 86F (30C) during the daytime. In 2006, after the Sandinista National Liberation Front came back into power, literacy, health and reconstruction programs were expanded. However, income distribution is very uneven, and the poor, agriculturalists, and indigenous people continue to have less access to healthcare services. Image showing to men readi 1951 117,000 )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. ), total: 290,351 (2020 est. The airport, known as Aeropuerto Sandino or MGA to locals, serves as the primary hub for connections at both domestic and international levels. The city spends most of the year seeing strong heat and a bright shining sun. Cities. The city has a population of approximately 1.5 million people. [41], During the Santo Domingo festival some people cover themselves in a mix of grease and motor oil to pay promises to the saints while others wear masks and costumes.[42]. Restaurants and stores line the walls of the lagoon. In Managua there are two golf courses, the better-known of which is Nejapa Golf & Country Club. The city has a population of roughly 1,800,000, composed predominantly of mestizos and whites; making it the second most populous city in Central America after Guatemala City. Group of answer choices Group 11, Managua case study - A Case Study on Environmental Science Nicaragua, located in Central America, may have been inhabited from as long ago as 8,000 years.Evidence of one of the Americas' earliest human . [21] Nicaragua's higher education system consists of 48 universities and 113 colleges, vocational and technical institutes which serve students in the areas of electronics, computer systems and sciences, agroforestry, construction and trade-related services. Nicaragua: Crimes against humanity being committed against civilians )33.122 (2019 est. [citation needed], The President of Nicaragua, Daniel Ortega, was presented with a plan to revitalize the city center. There are numerous radio stations in Managua, some of which tend to have political, social, or religious affiliations. Coffee and cotton are the principal crops grown in the agricultural hinterland. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. menos de Also pending is a mega-project to reconstruct the old center of Managua, and to introduce a light rail system, to alleviate future transportation problems in Managua. nos / Nicaragua", "Central American Countries of the Future 2005/2006", "Hoy inaugurarn moderno observatorio astronmico", "Latin American Business School Ranking (2005)", "Wall Street Journal/Harris Interactive Business School Survey", "Universidad Thomas More Profesionales de Primera", "Universidad Centroamericana UCA de Nicaragua", "La Prensa, El Diario de los Nicaraguenses Noticias Economia", "Tourism Observer: NICARAGUA: Managua, Travel On Chicken Buses, Homosexuality Not Illegal Hence No Jail Sentence", "Miss Nicaragua, una historia accidentada", "Sobre Managua: Cultura y Turismo [Fiestas Patronales de Managua]", "Concluyen fiestas patronales de la capital nicaragense", "National Stadi Rubn Daro National Theater", "Monumento al General Augusto Cesar Sandino", "National Stadium: Baseball matches and more", "Nicaragua Briefs: Obando's New Cathedral Off to a Strange Start", "Central America takes harder line against gangs", "Drugs & Crime; Gang Profile: Mara Salvatrucha", "The case of Managua's District V: Disinformation, prudence or something else? The highest mountain peak (Pico Mogotn) is at . It may have originated from the term Mana-ahuac, which in the Nahuatl language translates to "adjacent to the water" or site "surrounded by water". Download Historical Data Save as Image From: To: Zoom: [citation needed] These are regulated by the city's regulatory entity for municipal transports (IRTRAMMA) and individually operated by cooperatives and private companies. [33] Multinational companies such as Wal-Mart, Telefonica, Union Fenosa, and Parmalat have offices and operations in Managua. )solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. note: data are in current year dollars$5.939 billion (2020 est.) Domestic flights are operated by La Costea from the international airport. )imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. [22] The educational system includes 1 United States accredited English language university, 3 bilingual university programs, 5 bilingual secondary schools and dozens of English Language Institutes. Group of answer choices In addition to the footprints, the museum also displays artifacts found in other localities around the country. It gained its current prominence primarily because of its position . El Nuevo Diario. Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras, total: 130,370 sq kmland: 119,990 sq kmwater: 10,380 sq km, slightly larger than Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than New York state, total: 1,253 kmborder countries (2): Costa Rica 313 km; Honduras 940 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: natural prolongation, tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands, extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes, highest point: Mogoton 2,085 mlowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 mmean elevation: 298 m, gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish, agricultural land: 42.2% (2018 est. The average temperature ranges from 28 to 32 degrees Celsius. Managua is the home of most national broadcasting television channels as well as the major national newspapers. Annual Weather Averages Near Managua. Managua Population: (2023 est.) The Nicaraguan capital has had an ascending population clearly registered in the censuses since 1971, with an initial population of 384,904 for that year, which has increased to 908,892 for the year 2005 . ), electrification - total population: 97% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 99.2% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 92% (2019), installed generating capacity: 1.837 million kW (2020 est. During the dry season the countryside gets dull and even dusty. 1950 110,000. Nicaragua: country data and statistics - Worlddata.info Managua | History, Landmarks, Economy, & Facts | Britannica Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at 1,291,800. If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. The population in Managua, to 2021, is: 1.3 million people Managua population. Managua - State Magazine In Mercado Roberto Huembes, Mercado Oriental, Mercado Israel Lewites and other locations one can find anything from household amenities, food, clothing, electronics, construction materials, and other contracting supplies. There are no railroads that operate in Managua or in Nicaragua. [6] The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department. ), conventional long form: Republic of Nicaraguaconventional short form: Nicaragualocal long form: Republica de Nicaragualocal short form: Nicaraguaetymology: Nicarao was the name of the largest indigenous settlement at the time of Spanish arrival; conquistador Gil GONZALEZ Davila, who explored the area (1622-23), combined the name of the community with the Spanish word "agua" (water), referring to the two large lakes in the west of the country (Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua), name: Managuageographic coordinates: 12 08 N, 86 15 Wtime difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: may derive from the indigenous Nahuatl term "mana-ahuac," which translates as "adjacent to the water" or a site "surrounded by water"; the city is situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Managua, 15 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 2 autonomous regions* (regiones autonomistas, singular - region autonoma); Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Costa Caribe Norte*, Costa Caribe Sur*, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas, history: several previous; latest adopted 19 November 1986, effective 9 January 1987amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or assent of at least half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires approval by 60% of the membership of the next elected Assembly and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2021, civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: no, except in cases where bilateral agreements existresidency requirement for naturalization: 4 years, chief of state: President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Rosario MURILLO Zambrana (since 10 January 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Rosario MURILLO Zambrana (since 10 January 2017)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified plurality vote for a 5-year term (no term limits as of 2014); election last held on 7 November 2021 (next to be held on 1 November 2026)election results: 2021: Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president for a fourth consecutive term; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 75.9%, Walter ESPINOZA (PLC) 14.3%, Guillermo OSORNO (CCN) 3.3%, Marcelo MONTIEL (ALN) 3.1%, other 3.4%2016: Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president for a third consecutive term; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 72.4%, Maximino RODRIGUEZ (PLC) 15%, Jose del Carmen ALVARADO (PLI) 4.5%, Saturnino CERRATO Hodgson (ALN) 4.3%, other 3.7%, description: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 statutory seats, current 91; 70 members in multi-seat constituencies, representing the country's 15 departments and 2 autonomous regions, and 20 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; up to 2 seats reserved for the previous president and the runner-up candidate in the previous presidential election; members serve 5-year terms)elections: last held on 7 November 2021 (next to be held on 1 November 2026)election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 75, PLC 10, ALN 2, APRE 1, PLI 2, YATAMA 1; composition - men 45, women 46, percent of women 50.6%, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 16 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and constitutional chambers)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly to serve 5-year staggered termssubordinate courts: Appeals Court; first instance civil, criminal, and labor courts; military courts are independent of the Supreme Court, Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Carlos CANALES]Alternative for Change or AC (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Orlando Jose TARDENCILLA]Autonomous Liberal Party or PAL [Rene Margarito BELLO ROMERO]Caribbean Unity Movement or PAMUC [Armando Francisco ARISTA FLORES]Christian Unity Party or PUC (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Guillermo Daniel ORTEGA REYES]Citizens for Liberty or CxL [Carmella ROGERS AUMBURN]; note - barred from participating in the presidential election by the Supreme Electoral Council on 6 August 2021Conservative Party or PC [Alfredo CESAR Aguirre]Democratic Restoration Party or PRD [Saturnino CERRATO]; note - canceled by the Supreme Electoral Council on 18 May 2021Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Mario ASENSIO]Liberal Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Maria Haydee OSUNA]Moskitia Indigenous Progressive Movement or MOSKITIA PAWANKA (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Wycliff Diego BLANDON]Multiethnic Indigenous Party or PIM (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Carla Elvis WHITE HODGSON]Nationalist Liberal Party or PLN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Constantino Raul VELASQUEZ]Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIA Ferreti]Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or CCN [Guillermo OSORNO]Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Julio Cesar BLANDON SANCHEZ]Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Suyen BARAHONA Cuan]; note - canceled by the Supreme Electoral Council on 21 June 2008; in January 2021, they rebranded and now call themselves Democratic Renovation Union or UNAMOSSons of Mother Earth or YATAMA [Brooklyn RIVERA]The New Sons of Mother Earth Movement or MYATAMARAN (operates in a political alliance with the FSLN) [Osorno Salomon COLEMAN], BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Francisco Obadiah CAMPBELL Hooker (since 28 June 2010)chancery: 1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 939-6570; [1] (202) 939-6573FAX: [1] (202) 939-6545consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, chief of mission: Ambassador Kevin K. SULLIVAN (since 14 November 2018)embassy: Kilometer 5.5 Carretera Sur, Managuamailing address: 3240 Managua Place, Washington DC 20521-3240telephone: [505] 2252-7100,FAX: [505] 2252-7250email address and website: ACS.Managua@state.govhttps://ni.usembassy.gov/, three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of waternote: similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band, turquoise-browed motmot (bird); national colors: blue, white, name: "Salve a ti, Nicaragua" (Hail to Thee, Nicaragua)lyrics/music: Salomon Ibarra MAYORGA/traditional, arranged by Luis Abraham DELGADILLOnote: although only officially adopted in 1971, the music was approved in 1918 and the lyrics in 1939; the tune, originally from Spain, was used as an anthem for Nicaragua from the 1830s until 1876, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Ruins of Len Viejo; Len Cathedral, low-income Central American economy; until 2018, nearly 20 years of sustained GDP growth; recent struggles due to COVID-19, political instability, and hurricanes; significant remittances; increasing poverty and food scarcity since 2005; sanctions limit investment, $38.628 billion (2021 est.