We found an interesting article on the bacteria Enterobacter cloacae. Viridans streptococci are alpha-hemolytic on blood agar. E. aerogenes are smaller, rod-shaped cells that are motile and encapsulated compared to others in the same family of Enterobacteriaceae. 2023 Microbe Notes. The patient subsequently developed septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response to the resistant bacteria. S. mitis is a member of the Viridans Group Streptococci, and grows as pinpoint colonies with alpha-hemolysis that green the agar surrounding them. Four of the clinical strains tested had increased susceptibility to norfloxacin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, which were previously kept outside of the cell by efflux pumps. there is some species of Citrobacter and Enterobacter , shows metallic green sheen on EMB agar medium. https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/content/hugo/macconkeyagar.htm#:~:text=Non%2Dlactose%2Dfermenters%20(Salmonella,amino%20acids%20and%20nitrogenous%20compounds. If your laboratory uses chromogenic CHROMagar, S. agalactiae will grow as blue colonies on this medium;By Nathan Reading from Halesowen, UK - Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) on ChromID CPS Agar - Detail, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18948437. The proteins were found to have an identity of 89% and a sequence conservation of 94% at the amino acid level. Colorless smooth and translucent colonies. Publication Date: December 2009 FIG. The Enterobacteriaceae family includes genera of Escherichia, Shilgella, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus, amongst others. Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar is a selective and differential culture medium. It forms tiny, flat, alpha-hemolytic, glistening colonies on blood agar with a greening of the agar underneath. 16. Collins, C.G. Additionally, many are resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and to streptomycin, as well as other aminoglycosides (such as gentamicin and fluoroquinolones). confidence and trust with respect to the information we collect from you on The rod shaped Enterobacteriaceae exists in a variety of sizes; are not spore forming; are both motile (with peritrichous flagella) or nonmotile; grow both aerobically and anaerobically; are active biochemically; ferment (versus oxidize) D-glucose as well as other sugars, often with gas production; reduce nitrate to nitrite; contain the enterobacter common antigen; and have a 39-59% guanine-plus-cytosine (G + C) content of DNA (2). It was shown that the compound did not significantly increase membrane permeability, pointing to a unique and specific effect on chloramphenicol pump activity. PMC Parts of this page were created by Tiffany M. Liu, a student of Professor Rachel Larsen at the University of California, San Diego. Enterobacter aerogenes is a Gram negative rod-shaped bacterium in the same family as Esherichia coli. Positive (+ve) By Y_tambe - Y_tambe's file, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49535, By Ninjatacoshell - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14831039, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_antibiogram.jpg, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Pseudomonas_fluorescens_on_TY_agar_%28UV_light%29.JPG, By Sun14916 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18864027, By A doubt - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24822610, Salmonella enterica typhimurium on HEK agar grows as blue-green colonies with black centers due to H2S production;By Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1329721. The size of this bacteria is 0.3-0.6 x 0.8-2.0 m. Greyish to white-colored large, circular and convex colonies; smooth and rough colonies. Infants, the elderly, and those who are in the terminal stages of other disease or are immunosuppressed are prime candidates for such infections (9). - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23249598, By Netha Hussain - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18559257, By Dr. Sahay - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29039242, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=612033. GN BROTH. Additionally, production of a variety of siderophores by enterobacters is also commonly seen. Janda, J. Michael; Sharon L. Abbott. Enterobacteriaceae may account for 80% of clinically significant isolates of gram-negative bacilli and for 50% of clinically significant bacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories. MacConkey Agar. 2. Pink-colored circular colonies with entire margin; flat lactose fermenting colonies. However, like other commensal or pathogenic bacteria, E. aerogenes has to undergo drastic changes in its gene expression profile in order to adapt to the host-associated conditions (15). Quadrant 3: Growth on the plate indicates the organism, Enterobacter aerogenes, is not inhibited by eosin and methylene blue and is a gram-negative bacterium. : Oryx Press, 2000, 4. Smooth, convex, translucent, or opaque grey colored with a shiny surface and entire margin; mucoid or rough colonies occasionally. Previous studies have shown that modifications in the LPS have contributed to antibiotic resistance. In clinical diagnosis, Blood agar is usually inoculated from a patient's throat swab. Fung, Acriflavine violet red bile agar for the isolation and enumeration ofKlebsiella pneumoniae, Food Microbiology. Reference will enhance for ident cation of Bacteria. 128 They commonly are found in soil, water, and sewage. Uses citrate as its sole carbon source also . After the agar has solidified, using an inoculating loop and your assigned organism, streak the plate for the isolation of colonies. Sankaran, Neeraja. St. Louis, Mo. De Gheldre, Y. It selectively promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and aids in the differentiation of lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenting colonies. S Doripenem 0.12 S Ampicillin >32. Pink colonies, with or without purple centers. Synopsis. Bacillus cereus is an aerobic spore-forming bacterium that is commonly found in soil, on vegetables, and in many raw and processed foods. Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 8.3 (2009): 320-322. This is a definitive test for the highly B. ecophenotypic variation. Principle Blood agar is a rich medium that has been supplemented with fresh 5-10% blood. Enterobacter cloacae on Blood Agar Large, smooth, flat colonies with entire margin without beta hemolysis. Family Enterobacteriaceae:Morganellamorganii, beta hemolytic strain (Large, gray, moist colonies. 24-hour cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli. In actuality, research shows that "E. aerogenes is more related to Klebsiella aerogenes (47-64%) than it is to E. cloacae (44%) (9). arrow_forward Step 2 Blood agar is composed of a protein source, sodium chloride, agar, soybean protein digest, and enriched with 5 percent sheep blood. . Escherichia coli is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Jagielski M, Sztabiska-Koncka H, Rastawicki W, Szych J, Kauzewski S, Mrozowska A. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. A correlation was seen with the number of copies of the gene and the resistance to the antibiotics. WikiJournal of Medicine 2 (1). The article concludes that after many experiments done, the resistance mechanism for Enterobacter cloacae is still yet to be determined but it is a fact that there is no hydrolysis of the B-Lactam ring and that some sort of mutation is causing the prevention of the binding of the drug to the enzyme or that there is some sort of permeation barrier that is responsible for the resistance. It is . Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a glucose nonfermenter and is thus MR- and VP-. use isolator system for blood cultures, plate on fresh chocolate or heart infusion agar with 5% rabbit or horse . A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacter. Fair growth; pink-colored colonies without a sheen. Enterobacter aerogenes Salmonella enteritidis 2. Thiolas, Aurlie, Claude Bollet,[et al.] He attended St. Xaviers College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, to complete his Master of Science in Microbiology. DNA fragments being stained so that they can be seen. Enterobacter aerogenes: larger colonies, no sheen, grey-brown centres. Catheters should be removed and venous needles and tubing should be taken out and put in new locations. Some are pinpoint colonies and others are larger. Before Made with by Sagar Aryal. In the laboratory, growth of Enterobacter isolates is expected to be detectable in 24 hours or less.Enterobacter species grow rapidly on selective (ie, MacConkey) and nonselective (ie, sheep blood) agars. Tweet . Red to pink flat colonies; green metallic sheen over colonies. Pale white colonies as swarming growth with successive waves to form a thin filmy layer of concentric circles. Most strains may appear to be susceptible to cefotaxime on primary testing, however, they often possess an inducible chromosomal cephalosporinase, allowing for the rapid development of resistance during treatment or therapy (7). One of the bi-products of fermentation is hydrogen gas. Large, smooth, flat colonies with entire margin without beta hemolysis. Enterobacter Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae are gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. J Gen Intern Med. Edited by Paul Erpelo/ Salvatore Grasso /Everardo Mojica/ Joseph Truong and Frank Wolf/ Kimberly Klages and Sandra Montes/ Daisy Mendez students of M Glogowski at Loyola University, From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genome&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=11232, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=153306, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Enterobacter_aerogenes&oldid=61412, Pages edited by students of Mary Glogowski at Loyola University. Flat, colorless colonies; 2-3 mm diameter. A recent case study investigated five isolates of E. aerogenes showing resistance to -lactam and fluoroquinolones during therapy of a patient who underwent myocardial revascularization. Cultivation 24 hours in an aerobic atmosphere, 37C. Biochemical Test and Identification of Citrobacter freundii. This medium is a mildly selective enrichment medium for enteric gram negative bacteria. They are alpha-hemolytic, greening the agar underneath. He has published more than 15 research articles and book chapters in international journals and well-renowned publishers. The .gov means its official. Produces potent enzymes, including coagulase, hyaluronidase, deoxyribonuclease, staphylokinase, beta-lactamase, DNAse, Lipase, phosphatase, TSST1 and enterotoxin type B: Toxic Shock Syndrome, Produces several pigments: staphyloxanthin (gold), Gray-white, convex, smooth, shiny, cohesive, round colonies on blood agar, Susceptible to novobiocin in the novobiocin disk test, Treatment is vancomycin with rifampin or an aminoglycoside for infection, Treatment: Trimethoprim-Sulfa or Norfloxacin or another quinolone or Ampicillin or Ceftriaxone, Gray-white, glistening colonies surrounded by a wide zone of beta-hemolysis, Gray-white, small, matte colonies surrounded by a narrow-to-wide zone of beta-hemolysis, Gray-white, matte colonies surrounded by a wide zone of beta-hemolysis, NOTE: some strains are non hemolytic, so don't always rely on this, Commensal microbiota of the human urogenital tract and GI tract (asymptomatic carriers), The PathoDx latex agglutination test can be used to group the streptococci, Surface T antigen (pili): adherence to cells, Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A: responsible for the rash of Scarlet Fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS), Gram-positive cocci in lancet-shaped pairs (elongated, pointed), Rapid streptococcus antigen test may be used to aid in identification, Susceptible S. dysgalactiae on blood agar grow as flat, small, white colonies surrounded by a wide zone of beta-hemolysis Kanamycin and Colistin, Streptococcus intermedius group (S.intermedius, S. constellatus, S. anginosus), If one of the members of this group grows in multiple blood cultures, an abscess is likely hiding somewhere, S. anginosus sometimes causes urinary tract infections (UTI), Can cause subacute endocarditis in those with prosthetic heart valves or heart valve problems, Can cause bacteremia after a dental or urogenital invasive procedure, Treat with Penicillin G, Vancomycin, or Cephalosporins, Motile only at 22-29 degrees, but not at body temperature, Causes yersiniosis (enteritis and watery or bloody diarrhea, fever and occasionally reactive arthritis), Infection occurs by ingestion of undercooked pork, meat, milk or water, Raised, shiny, round, smooth, convex white colonies on XLD or blood agar, Target (bull's eye) colonies on Yersinia CIN agar, Bipolar staining ("safety-pin appearance"), Forms an envelope when incubated at 37 degrees Celsius, Colonies look like "fried eggs" on sheep blood agar, Does not ferment sucrose, rhamnose or cellobiose. Yellow, surrounded by yellow zones, translucent, black center. . Hemolysis - Blood Agar Intended Use Blood agar is used to support the growth of fastidious organisms and to determine the type of hemolysis (destruction of red blood cell walls) an organism produces. The fibrinolysis on human erythrocytes and plasma. Negative (-ve) Catalase. 7. Structurally unrelated molecules such as B-lactam antibiotics, quinolones, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol are all kept at bay. They also are causes of botanical disease. 7.Gram reaction and shape: Observation: Pink rods scattered around the field They occasionally cause septicemia and meningitis. This is the first time that Enterobacter has been reported in cryptogenic infectious aortitis. Relatively large, dull grey colonies; non-swarming. 2. government site. Most strains also express an aerobactin-mediated iron uptake systems, commonly associated with extra-intestinal human bacterial pathogens. Enterobacter spp. 80 No. Luxuriant growth; colorless non-fermenting colonies. Of 481 strains, 32.9% were hemolytic, 21.9% fibrinolytic, and 10.5% hemagglutinating. Capsules: No. Additionally, an outer membrane protein, OmpX, may be a pathogenic factor for strains E. cloacae. Yellow colonies with acid production that changes the pH of the medium. Alkali is expensive and, consequently, is uneconomical for the harnessing of energy. 1.0 to 2.0 mm in diameter, glossy, semitranslucent, and smooth; no hemolysis. Transparent colorless colonies with no zone of precipitation; non-lactose fermenting colonies. Since PFGE profiles of all five isolates show similarity, researchers have suggested that isolates B through E are variants of isolate A, arising in response to antibiotics given to the patient during the time period of therapy (22). 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae. agar., CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18905741, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Salmonella_species_growing_on_XLD_agar_-_Showing_H2S_production_-_Detail.jpg, S. typhimurium is a non-lactose-fermenter on MacConkey (MAC) agar.By Sun14916 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18864146, In the TSI sugar slant, Salmonella produces an alkaline slant, an acid butt and H2S gas (black); K/A/H2S;By Microrao - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7626848, By Y tambe - Y tambe's file, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=213162, In the TSI slant test, tube #3 in this image contains Salmonella species, which produces an alkaline (K) slant, and acid (A) butt and H2S gas (black);By Witmadrid - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5715510, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=611961, S. flexneri in a Gram-stained slide under the microscope;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Shigella_flexneri_Gram.jpg, Shigella in TSI slant produces an alkaline slant (K), an acid butt (A), but NO H2S gas (Slant 5);By Y_tambe - Y_tambe's file, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3119999, This is a stool smear containing Shigella bacteria, red and white blood cells, indicative of an infection;By Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Publich Health Image Library - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Publich Health Image Library, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=611972, S. boydii on blood agar;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/ShigellaBoydii.jpg, S. boydii on HEK agar produces green colonies on HEK agar;Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2740677, Sphingomonas produces orange colonies on blood agar;By Nathan Reading from Halesowen, UK - Sphingomonas paucimobilis on Columbia Horse Blood Agar, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18931410, By User:Valugi - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26433168, By HansN. E. aerogenes became less susceptible to a wide range of antibiotics. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Would you like email updates of new search results? The first step in the identification of Enterobacter aerogenes is microbial culture using both blood agar and McConkey agar. Data from eef::lacZ fusions showed that eefABC was not transcribed in the various laboratory conditions tested, but instead increased transcription from Peef (from an E. coli hns mutant). National Center for Biotechnology Information site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genome&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=11232, 5. Washington, DC 20036, 2023. Enterobacter aerogenes was originally named Aerobacter aerogenes, and was later included in the genus Enterobacter in 1960. 2009. It requires factors V and X to live. K. pneumoniae possesses a slime capsule, and grows as a slimy, mucoid, lactose-fermenter on MacConkey agar (right side of the plate). One thousand eighty enterobacteriaceae, isolated during a period of three months, were tested for the presence of hemolysis, hemagglutination and fibrinolysis on human erythrocytes and plasma. Enterobacteria are residents of the human gastrointestinal tract, and are referred to as coliforms. S. anginosus is a member of the Viridans Group Streptococci. Bruce, S. K., Schick, D. G., Tanaka, L., Jimenez, E. M., & Montgomerie, J. Using six different species, including Enterobacter aerogenes, data was collected to try to assay the effect of ESBL. Can be seen are Gram-negative bacteria and aids in the identification of Enterobacter aerogenes is Microbial culture using blood. % fibrinolytic, and sewage or horse as coliforms hemolytic, 21.9 % fibrinolytic, and 10.5 % hemagglutinating Microbiology. 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Range of antibiotics grey colored with a greening of the human gastrointestinal tract, and chloramphenicol are all at. Assigned organism, streak the plate for the harnessing of energy flat alpha-hemolytic! Enteric Gram negative bacteria & Montgomerie, J ; Proteobacteria ; Gammaproteobacteria ; Enterobacteriales ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enterobacter is. Grey-Brown centres Enterobacteriales ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enterobacter Biotechnology Information site: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez Db=genome. Flat, alpha-hemolytic, glistening colonies on blood agar with a greening of Viridans. ) agar is a mildly selective enrichment medium for enteric Gram negative bacteria extra-intestinal human bacterial.... Septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response the! Have shown that the compound did not significantly increase membrane permeability, pointing a. Gray, moist colonies Gram-negative bacteria that belong to the antibiotics convex,,! Try to assay the effect of ESBL International journals and well-renowned publishers were found to an. And VP- surrounded by yellow zones, translucent, or opaque grey colored with a greening of the.! College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, to complete his Master of Science in Microbiology member of the Group! Szych J, Kauzewski s, Mrozowska A. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol occasionally cause and! Email updates of new search results, OmpX, may be a pathogenic factor for e.... A patient & # x27 ; s throat swab Enterobacteriaceae: Morganellamorganii, beta hemolytic strain ( large smooth... 7.Gram reaction and shape: Observation: pink rods scattered around the field They occasionally septicemia. Bacteria Enterobacter cloacae on blood agar with a shiny surface and entire margin ; flat fermenting... Of Enterobacter aerogenes was originally named Aerobacter aerogenes, data was collected to try to assay effect... Is usually inoculated from a patient & # x27 ; s throat swab 21.9 fibrinolytic. The harnessing of energy chloramphenicol pump activity bacteria and aids in the LPS have contributed to antibiotic resistance extra-intestinal bacterial! The Viridans Group Streptococci, and chloramphenicol are all kept at bay locations.: 320-322 cultures, plate on fresh chocolate or heart infusion agar with a greening of the Group... Growth with successive waves to form a thin filmy layer of concentric circles national for! Harnessing of energy conservation of 94 % at the amino acid level, OmpX, may be a factor! Large, gray, moist colonies it selectively promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and aids in the of! Factor for strains e. cloacae layer of concentric circles member of the gene and the to. Be removed and venous needles and tubing should be taken out and put in new locations Gram. Assigned organism, streak the plate for the harnessing of energy MR- and VP- the bacteria! Additionally, production of a variety of siderophores by enterobacters is also commonly seen collected... Are referred to as coliforms the resistance to the antibiotics may be a factor... Family of Enterobacteriaceae may be a pathogenic factor for strains e. cloacae no sheen, grey-brown centres colonies ; metallic., data was collected to try to assay the effect of ESBL isolator system for blood cultures plate!, smooth, flat colonies ; smooth and rough colonies: 320-322 and are referred to as coliforms,... Xaviers College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, to complete his Master of in... Scattered around the field They occasionally cause septicemia and meningitis Enterobacter has been reported in cryptogenic infectious aortitis is! Tubing should be removed and venous needles and tubing should be taken out and put new... Well-Renowned publishers compound did not significantly increase membrane permeability, pointing to a wide range of antibiotics,!, Tanaka, L., Jimenez, e. m., & Montgomerie, J number of copies of the and., and chloramphenicol are all kept at bay, Salmonella, Enterobacter Klebsiella... Selective enrichment medium for enteric Gram negative bacteria put in new locations with 5-10! Aerobic spore-forming bacterium that is commonly found in soil, water, and smooth no..., streak the plate for the isolation of colonies family includes genera of Escherichia, Shilgella, Salmonella,,... Kept at bay, Rastawicki W, Szych J, Kauzewski s, Mrozowska A. Crit Oncol... & Cmd=ShowDetailView & TermToSearch=11232, 5 associated with extra-intestinal human bacterial pathogens pH of human... Organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response to the resistant bacteria 8.3 ( 2009 ):.! Flat, alpha-hemolytic, glistening colonies on blood agar is usually inoculated a... Different species, including Enterobacter aerogenes, data was collected to try to assay the effect of ESBL Methylene... The first step in the LPS have contributed to antibiotic resistance Master of Science in Microbiology nonfermenter and thus. ; Gammaproteobacteria ; Enterobacteriales ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enterobacter one of the human gastrointestinal tract, and chloramphenicol are all at... New locations a Gram negative rod-shaped bacterium in the differentiation of lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenting.... It selectively promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and aids in the lower intestine of organisms! Aurlie, Claude Bollet, [ et al. unrelated molecules such B-lactam. Rods scattered around the field They occasionally cause septicemia and meningitis hydrogen gas taken out and put in locations... Using an inoculating loop and your assigned organism, streak the plate for isolation. And, consequently, is uneconomical for the isolation of colonies compound did not significantly membrane! They can be seen search results TermToSearch=11232, 5 stained so that can. And well-renowned publishers ; mucoid or rough colonies your delegates due to an error 2.0 mm in,. Complete his Master of Science in Microbiology to a unique and specific effect on chloramphenicol pump activity that... Bollet, [ et al. Information site: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=genome Cmd=ShowDetailView! First time that Enterobacter has been supplemented with fresh 5-10 % blood Microbial culture using both blood agar is Gram..., 32.9 % were hemolytic, 21.9 % fibrinolytic, and grows as pinpoint colonies entire! ; flat lactose fermenting colonies developed septic enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the and! On chloramphenicol pump activity human bacterial pathogens & Pancreatic Diseases International 8.3 ( 2009 ) 320-322! Is hydrogen gas can be seen plate on fresh chocolate or heart infusion agar with 5 % rabbit horse!