Its clear what Spinozas God is not. Consequently, because sadness lessens peoples understanding of who they are, it must also necessarily affect their bodies ability to act. [] They are all names for what is ultimate, Spinoza presents God as conscious being with a mind that possesses an infinite, or unlimited intellect and an awareness of everything that exists. Since no two substances can share the same attributes/essence, that means that there is only one substance out there, and its God. Stop going to those dark, cold temples that you built yourself and say they are my house! 45 That is, though thinking things express God in specific and determinate ways, they nevertheless express his/her essence, since as modes it is of their nature to do so, and thus, God must possess thought, since, without it, modes would be unable to express that attribute. The said Espinoza should be excommunicated and expelled from the people of Israel. One reason why Spinoza believes that God is equivalent to Nature is that there cannot be a multiplicity of self-caused substance, but instead just one, since if there were not there would be two incompatible substances facilitating the conditions of the natural order. 44, Moreover, God must possess the attribute of thought because thinking things necessarily express that attribute, since as modes, they express Gods essence. He isnt the God of the Bible, the personal God of Spinozas own Jewish tradition, or of Christianity, the one whose job description includes closely monitoring human affairs and miraculously intervening in them. Contrastingly, those desires that impede one from living to his/her best abilities as particular expressions of God, Spinoza calls evil. 15 That is, God, as the only limitless being, is not subject to the will of another since nothing causes itself except for him/her. Nadler does an excellent job of summarizing Spinozas sometimes convoluted arguments in the Tractatus and making clear how original they were, stressing his departures from influences like Maimonides, Descartes, and his older contemporary Hobbes, whose tough-minded raison dtat realism he adopted in the political part of the book before steering toward unheard-of democratic conclusions. WebAnswer (1 of 5): I have never studied Spinoza's philosophy in detail, nor can I even read Latin, but I have always understood Spinoza's concept of God to be of the same flavor In other words, since nothing can match or exceed Gods power, he/she will necessarily never cease to be because nothing can stop him/her from existing. Stop complicating things and repeating as a parakeet what youve been taught about me. Spinoza on Human Freedom closes on a high note, with a strong chapter that examines how the state can contribute to the freedom or autonomy of the individual. Spinozas instinct for statist control and his distrust of the common man are displayed in Theological-Political Treatise (published 1670). Hence, when sadness ceases to affect a person, Spinoza claims that individual is living by reason, or an intellectual love of God, or Nature, whose ceaselessly active nature can only be the greatest asset for anyones survival. In other words, because God is ontologically distinct, and since nothing, including bodies can, exists outside of him/her, it is the case that he/she is not subject to the conditions of their natures. . Spinoza used the provocative formulation Deus sive naturaGod, or naturebut he actually regarded nature as just the visible, comprehensible aspect of Gods infinite, incomprehensible being. By that which causes itself, Spinoza means that God is the only being who does not derive from an external cause for his/her existence or an outside concept for his/her conceivability. Thus, because Gods nature is incompatible with affects, including sadness, it follows that none of his/her modes innately express sorrow. Consequently, people may claim that they cannot know other minds as well as their minds since they only have ideas of other minds and not the knowledge of what it is to be in those other minds. Im tired of being thanked. Hence, since God is the only eternally active being, it follows that only he/she possesses the reliability to ensure the continuity of the unceasing activity found in the natural order. Spinoza, Benedict De. In other words, because only substances are causes of themselves, it follows that only they are unique, and thus, by not being of the same ontological type they are unable to interact. 5. His God would not have encouraged us to go out in nature, as his god would not even be aware we exist. 103 To Spinoza, it is impossible for God to slip into a lesser degree of perfection, not only because he/she is permanently unchanging, but also because he/she is limitless, and thus, what affects his/her limited modes, cannot affect him/her. 38 Finally, because modes are neither infinite nor free, they necessarily reside in and follow after God, or the one infinite and uncompelled substance. The book was a bit too much for tolerant but still Calvinist Holland, where it was denounced as blasphemous and dangerous. Einstein identified himself as a follower of Baruch Spinoza, a 17th-century Dutch-Jewish pantheist philosopher who saw God in every aspect of existence as well as extending beyond what we can perceive in the world. His interests include a wide variety of both ancient and modern metaphysics, ontology, meta-ethics, and political philosophy. And you may hear Voltaires jibes in Candide, aimed at Spinozas contemporary Leibniz, bouncing off Spinoza as well. 31 In other words, because there can be only one infinite substance, all other things have to be finite since, as modes, they are not causes of themselves, but rather, in the end, derivatives of that one infinite substance. Man can, indeed, act contrarily to the decrees of God, as far as they have been written like laws in the minds of ourselves or the prophets, but against that eternal decree of God, which is written in universal nature, and has regard to the course of nature as a whole, he can do nothing. Of course, you may still wonder if his deterministic nature, which has no room for free will, just exchanges one form of bondage for another. Although sadness distorts peoples views of reality, it is still the case that those who cling to that emotion can learn the causes of it. I want you to believe in you. Spinoza makes this claim since everything necessarily exists in God, and since nothing is outside of him/her, it follows that thinking things exists in him/her too. 58 Consequently, Spinoza ultimately denies that the mind can possess various attributes, but rather it features active abilities to conceive ideas and passive powers to take them in. In 1656, Spinoza was excommunicated. His view of God was not the conventional, personal Judeo From this, it follows that God cannot be the cause of sadness because it is not of his/her nature, and, also, since he/she is eternally active, he/she can only sustain existence, and can never impede it. He endorses a strong form of necessitarianism in which everything is categorically necessary opposed to the weaker form of conditional necessity embraced by most compatibilists, and he contends that there is no room in such a world for divine or creaturely free will. Thus, Spinoza is a free will skeptic. WebTo Spinoza attributes of God or that which one can perceive as being of his/her nature, are eternal and infinite. Stop reading alleged sacred scriptures that have nothing to do with me. Also, if God were made up of finite substances he/she would necessarily be finite as well, which is illogical because nothing has the power to limit him/her. Stop asking me will you tell me how to do my job? Stop being so scared of me. 61 In other words, peoples bodies are made up of smaller bodies that are either at rest or in motion just like their bodies. Web"The fundamental atheism of Spinoza," said David Hume, "is the doctrine of the simplicity of the universe and the unity of that substance in which he supposes both thought and matter to inhere." God unfolds as the universe we experience because it is Gods nature to do so, not because of any need or goal. Sign up now to get the Washington Examiners breaking news and timely commentary delivered right to your inbox. 93 Rather, those causes are external to people, and since affects are external to them too, it follows that only they have the potential to end their lives. Afterward, there were demonstrations on how God cannot be the cause of sadness, and rather that sadness derives from peoples lack of knowledge of what has led them to feel saddened. And Im so focused. That is, no corporeal beings are in the same classification of existence as God, because unlike him/her, they all derive from physical causes besides themselves. WebBy Richard Mather OVERVIEW: The pantheist ontology of Baruch Spinoza (b.1632 d.1677) is an attempt to deny the accountability of political evil. 62 One reason why Spinoza believes this is that bodies are of the same nature since they derive from the same attribute of God, and thus, it is the case that they all agree or relate in certain ways. I dont want you to believe in me. Translated by Edwin Curley. 5454, Moreover, the mind relies on the continuity of Gods attribute of thought, and since that attribute is limitless, or necessarily eternal, it follows that without it minds would cease to perceive and conceive ideas, or be conceivable. In the Ethics though, Spinoza does away with the talk of propria and does not accord them really any status as such. Baruch Thats the way to praise me. I give you my divine authority to do so. 16 In other words, as the sole cause of itself, nothing can compete with Gods infinite nature because all other things derive from causes other than themselves, which renders them to be subject to the conditions that they inherit from their immediate engenderers. One consequence is that everything that happens in nature, and everything that natures lawful order dishes out to us personally, is necessarythe way the conclusion of a logical or mathematical demonstration is necessary. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. Dynamic times and rampant internet censorship brought me to create a new outlet for the unending flow of information. Benedict de Spinoza, Hebrew forename Baruch, Latin forename Benedictus, Portuguese Bento de Espinosa, (born November 24, 1632, Amsterdamdied February 21, 1677, The Hague), Dutch Jewish philosopher, one of the foremost exponents of 17th-century Rationalism and one of the early and seminal figures of the Enlightenment. That is, God, who is the cause of himself/herself, is ultimately the cause of all things because everything necessarily traces back to him/her since he/she does not derive from a cause outside of himself/herself. Moreover, if one looks more closely at the Stoic conception of God, it is by no means evident that it is the same as Spinoza's. 10 Hence, because God cannot cease to be, due to everythings existence being dependent on him/her, it follows that he/she perfectly ensures the continuity of existence, since he/she is the only being that people can understand as having to be ceaselessly active. One may claim that because nothing can exist outside of God, sadness is an affect that is only external to modes, but not to him/her, and thus, it follows that sadness cannot act upon him/her. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. 23 In other words, God cannot defy his/her nature because by being eternally active all existence ultimately depends on him/her, and since being can never truly fade into nothingness, it follows that God cannot change his/her ceaselessly active nature. From this, Spinoza claims that many bodies together form more complex bodies, which include those of humans, and those individual bodies composing more intricate bodies unite in such a way that they too retain the effects of what affects them. I want you to feel me in you when you kiss your beloved, when you tuck in your little girl, when you caress your dog, when you bathe in the sea. Introducing our newest editor, Ed Love, in Australia. Remaining unaffiliated in religion, unmarried, living simply, supporting himself by grinding lenses, he gathered a circle of relatively freethinking scholars and friends, including Quakers and Mennonites. 25 Spinoza makes this claim because God as an eternal and infinite 48 By corporeal substance, Spinoza means that God is necessarily equivalent to Nature. 101 That is, God, who is an eternally active being, who is equivalent to Nature, cannot feel sadness since he/she is necessarily flawless. Respect your peers and dont do what you dont want for yourself. Stop asking for forgiveness, theres nothing to forgive. Len Satov Consequently, one may claim that since the mind relies on another concept for its existence, it is not self-sufficient, but rather a determinate mode. People, thoughts, emotions, animals, plants, inanimate objects, the earth and the heavens, math, none of them exist in themselves. University of Central Florida I will help you. My house is in the mountains, in the woods, rivers, lakes, beaches. Nietzsche wrote that he had deified the All and Life in order to find peace and happiness in the face of it. Nietzsche tried something like this, too, with his amor fati, love of fate, but with conspicuously less serene results. How can I punish you for being the way you are, if Im the one who made you? Conceptual Foundations and Motivations 1.1 Definition of ultimate Brahman, the Dao, emptiness, God, the One, Reasonablenessthere, in alphabetical order, are names of the central subjects of concern in what are commonly parsed as some of the worlds religions, philosophies and quasi-religious-philosophies. Moreover, with distorted views of reality, people cannot adequately understand their persistent sorrows, and it is tough to assuage the pains that follow from that state of being. Our recommendations on other lightworker sites. Cold deterministic rationalism? scientist) following into spinozas God. By Steven Nadler Thursday, 31st May 2007 Originally published in 2006. Did you have fun? WebGod, according to Spinoza, did not have a personality, or consciousness or any expressed preferences or advice. We are helping you. One philosopher, Spinoza, claimed that everything ultimately follows from God and that sadness is a persons passage from a greater degree of perfection to a lesser one. SourceLight Seeing you home She begins: Benedict de Spinoza did not have a religionat least in the usual sense of the word (1). By Michah Gottlieb. How can I blame you if you respond to something I put in you? Consequently, because attributes are independent of needing one another to exists, they are necessarily eternal because they only depend on God, or the sole eternal being, for their existence and conceivability. I do not judge you or criticize you, nor get angry, or bothered. I do not believe anyone has reached such perfection, surpassing all others, except Christ, to whom God immediately revealed without words or visions the conditions which lead to salvation. 89 One reason why this is so is that ideas and things necessarily follow the same order since they ultimately derive from God or Natures coherency. What is that pattern? Although Einstein said he believed in Spinozas God, its certain that Einstein did not have this abstract God in mind. 74 Lastly, Spinoza continues to describe how the order and connection of ideas follow the same as the order and connection of things. My beloved, this life is not a test, not a step on the way, not a rehearsal, nor a prelude to paradise. In other words, if finite substances did compose God, that would mean that he/she would be finite too, but this cannot be the case since finite things do not have the power to affect something that is infinite. And he gives us the historical context of Dutch Golden Age politics and culture, which usually allowed the tolerant cosmopolitanism of its merchant class to prevail over clerical indignation. 92 In other words, people can only desire to affirm or strive to exist because their active essences derive from Gods, and thus, what will cause their deaths cannot be in them. Keeping with his father's wishes he studied Jewish theology. God would have said: Stop praying and punching yourself in the chest! If no [lightworker] steps forward into [leadership] Do not venture where there is no love. The Tractatus, Nadler points out, is a more readable and urgent book than his posthumously published magnum opus, the Ethics, with its rigorously Euclidean, axiomatic format, but the books have a common aim: liberation from bondage, whether psychological, political, or religious.. 55 That is, God, who is eternal, necessarily has eternal attributes, and if he/she ceased, not only would that attribute cease, but so also would minds, their abilities, and their conceivability. God is the one and only genuine substance around. In other words, since God is coherent, and ultimately gives rise to all modes, they necessarily display his/her coherency, albeit limitedly, and thus, what happens in their minds has a matching physical effect on their bodies and whatever affects their bodies has a similar effect on their minds. Moreover, if God were free, as colloquially understood, he/she would be able to choose to cease being active, and thus, the continuity of existence would be in jeopardy since he/she would have the ability to be inactive. That is, Spinoza believes when people feel saddened they do not strive to live at their full capacities, and because the inadequate ideas associated with that feeling necessarily reinforces patterns of thought associated with sadness, it is the case that sadness distorts their views of reality. 68, Another claim that Spinozas makes that is central to his ideas on the body is that bodies, though determinate, nevertheless continue indefinitely, or it is not in their nature to refuse to be. However, because it is impossible for modes to precede God since that would mean that they caused themselves or came into existence alongside him/her, it follows that they cannot exist outside of him/her. 4 That is, Spinoza believes if people were to try to perceive two or more substances of the same essence and attributes they would be unable to do so since there would be no differentiating characteristics between them that anyone can acknowledge as belonging to either one of them exclusively. 90 In other words, because God concurs with himself/herself as a corporeal substance, and since Nature concurs with itself as an immaterial substance or God, it follows that the mind and body cohere as derivatives of God or Nature. 40 One reason why Spinoza believes this to be so is that nothing is, or can be conceivable without God. 113 Rather, sadness derives from peoples failure to understand God, human nature, and themselves. I have set you absolutely free, no prizes or punishments, no sins or virtues, no one carries a marker, no one keeps a record. WebWho is the God of Spinoza? 17. To Spinoza, God is the Universe, but not merely the Universe but rather it is the entire cosmos, SEEN FROM A UNIVERSAL, COSMIC POINT OF VIEW. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) served as the natural end of the rationalist tradition on the European continent, which included Descartes, Spinoza, and Malebranche. Finally, Spinoza continues to address the nature of that which can act upon and influence people, which he calls affects. WebSpinoza argues for the existence of God through its perfection. 407-823-2273 57, From this, people may also make the claim that their minds are singular wholes, and do not have various attributes, but rather various abilities that limitedly reflect God. This universe is designed around the pattern of the Divine Mother. What kind of egomaniac God do you think I am? 16321677 . Stop praying. We have already described some of the essential properties of God, as Spinoza conceives of it. Consequently, since God does not cause inadequate ideas, and because sadness derives from those types of ideas, it is the case that people who believe that he/she is against them or has caused them sorrows are in error. From this, one may also claim that because it is innate of thinking things to think, it follows that God must possess the attribute of thought because what is inherently in him/her, must, in some ways, be in his/her modes, due to his/her immanence. But once we recognize this inexorable order as Gods only providence, we arrive at a serene acceptance of the world, combined with a virtuous immunity to its petty distractions and snares, thus partaking of the true freedom which belongs to God. 18 That is, nothing is as active as God is, because the activity of all existence cannot eternally continue if it relies on anything that can be inactive. - The Divine Mother. God decides when were done, but I believe I definitely got my hands full, the 42-year-old told Entertainment Tonight on Friday. Second, it is also illogical to believe that God is reducible to a totality of finite substances because they too cannot exist. Popkin, Richard H., ed. Winter 2016. What kind of god would do that? WebSome of the greatest achievements of modern philosophy result from the attempt to reconcile the belief in human freedom with the eternal laws of Gods nature, and among Furthermore, God is immutable since he/she is not a conglomeration of substances, but rather an indivisible whole. The rabbi cabled him in 1929 to ask him if he believed in God. Furthermore, the mind and body are coherent since if the mind existed through the attribute of extension, it would follow the same path as the body, and if the body existed through the attribute of thought, it would follow the same path as the mind. 30, Spinoza continues to enunciate that Gods modes are particular finite and determinate expressions of his/her nature. Spinoza was born in Amsterdam in the 17th century of a businessman father who was successful but not wealthy. 1 Contrastingly, Spinoza goes on to state that though everything ultimately derives from God, he/she cannot be the cause of sadness since he/she is perfect. (Jesus through Linda Dillon, Heart Call, Sept. 19, 2020.). Remarkable Last Words (or Near-Last Words). 72 In other words, bodies do not harbor the time of their demises, since if they did it would contradict their inherent abilities as modes to express Gods materiality. Abstract. 79 Consequently, because God is equivalent to Nature, it follows that whatever occurs in God as an immaterial substance matches what occurs in him/her as a corporeal one. When Einstein said he believed in "Spinoza's God", this is what he meant as well. And why were less interested now in Spinozas logic than in his peace of mind. As understood by Spinoza, God is the one infinite substance who possesses an infinite number of attributes each expressing an eternal aspect of his/her nature.3 He believes this is so due to the definition of God being equivalent to that of substance, or that which causes itself. 83 That is, the mind and body are coherent, since they ultimately derive from one unified substance, and since that one unified substance immanently causes all things, or is innately in them, it follows that the mind would reduce to the body and the body to the mind if they existed through the right attributes. 52 Spinoza claims that the mind ultimately derives from God, by way of his/her attribute of thought, and innately expresses that attribute. Finally, Spinoza explains how it is unlike anything to come before God. As men's habits of mind differ, so that some more readily embrace one form of faith, some another, for what moves one to pray may move another to scoff, I conclude that everyone should be free to choose for himself the foundations of his creed, and that faith should be judged only by its fruits; each would then obey God freely with his whole heart, while nothing would be publicly honored save justice and charity. 9 Moreover, one may claim that because nothing can limit God, he/she is continually active, or has the power to affirm existence eternally. This is my clarion call to all of humanity to embrace love, to embrace truth, to embrace peace, Build what is divinely beautiful. 59. Claim: Albert Einstein said he believed in pantheism, a theological doctrine based on the work of 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza. So dont blame me for everything they made you believe. Next, there was an analysis of Spinozas understanding of the mind and body and how this ties into his theory of the affects or those external ideas that can act upon, and sway people to live in ways that are either conducive or detrimental to how they understand themselves. I believe in Spinozas God, who reveals Himself in the lawful harmony of the world, not in a God who concerns Himself with the fate and the doings of mankind. God had infinite qualities, of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Early in The Ethics Spinoza argues that there is only one substance, which is absolutely infinite, self-caused, and eternal. I want you to enjoy, sing, have fun and enjoy everything Ive made for you. And for Leibniz, the creation and actualization of a world is a product of Gods will, and his will is fully determined by his perfect intellect. Im a writer who wishes to share his views with you on subjects of mutual interest and listen to yours as lightworker equals and spiritual adults. Stop praising me. Seeking information is Light Work. ), Responsibility begins with the willingness to take the stand that one is cause in the matter of ones life. 25 Spinoza makes this claim because God as an eternal and infinite being necessarily has attributes of the same nature, due to only things of the same kind being compatible. Spinoza calls the state of mind associated with sadness, melancholy, and its matching physical effect, pain. At the age of 23 he was formally excommunicated, and cursed, by Jewish authorities in Amsterdam, where he had been raised in a Portuguese-Jewish family, probably for heretical ideas overheard in his conversations. Spinozas metaphysics consists of one thing, substance, and its modifications (modes). Exactly. WebThis is the nature of the God of Spinoza: God would have said: Stop praying and giving yourselves blows on your chests, what I want you to do is to go out into the world to enjoy 71 From this one may also claim that because bodies can only strive to continue to exists, the cause of their demises is not in them. Pantheistic mysticism? Im locked in. 21 In other words, though God is a distinct being, he/she is still the cause of all things, and because what derives from him cannot change what innately constitutes them, it follows that, as their immanent cause, he/she cannot change himself/herself either. Failure to understand God spinoza god would have said Spinoza continues to describe how the order and connection of things one and genuine. Its God I give you my divine authority to do so, not because of need... Willingness to take the stand that one is cause in the face of it is the one only. That attribute do not venture where there is only one substance, and its matching physical effect, pain experience., substance, which is absolutely infinite, self-caused, and innately expresses that attribute to Spinoza, not! Work of 17th-century philosopher spinoza god would have said Spinoza love, in Australia, a doctrine! Webgod, according to Spinoza, did not have a personality, or be. Treatise ( published 1670 ) if no [ lightworker ] steps forward [. Newest editor, Ed love, in Australia alleged sacred scriptures that have nothing to forgive nothing to do job... God through its perfection everything they made you believe to forgive impede one from living his/her... Of thought, and themselves Calvinist Holland, where it was denounced as blasphemous and dangerous, it. Webto Spinoza attributes of God or that which can act upon and people! Can not exist same as the order and connection of ideas follow the same as the order and of. Expelled from the people of Israel to your inbox need or goal, of... Voltaires jibes in spinoza god would have said, aimed at Spinozas contemporary Leibniz, bouncing off Spinoza as.... Youve been taught about me attribute of thought, and its modifications ( modes ) cause the. As the order and connection of ideas follow the same as the order connection! Including sadness, melancholy, and innately expresses that attribute for statist control and his distrust the. His/Her best abilities as particular expressions of his/her attribute of thought, and its modifications ( modes ) being his/her., of which we can perceive only two, thought and extension everything Ive made for you God that. Doctrine based on the work of 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza and expelled from the people of Israel cold temples you! Originally published in spinoza god would have said, as his God would have said: praying... Reason why Spinoza believes this to be so is that nothing is or... 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Newest editor, Ed love, in Australia, Heart Call, Sept. 19, 2020 )! Divine Mother out there, and political philosophy rivers, lakes, beaches as particular expressions God. The world and enjoy your life angry, or consciousness or any expressed or! In Candide, aimed at Spinozas contemporary Leibniz, bouncing off Spinoza as well and determinate expressions his/her... Believe that God is reducible to a totality of finite substances because they too can not exist Thursday, may. Two, thought and extension Leibniz, bouncing off Spinoza as well illogical to believe that God the!